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Cooley High

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the high school in Chicago, Illinois, see Cooley Vocational High School. For the high school in Detroit, Michigan, see Cooley High School.
Cooley High
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMichael Schultz
Written byEric Monte
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyPaul vom Brack
Edited byChristopher Holmes
Music byFreddie Perren
Distributed byAmerican International Pictures
Release date
  • June 25, 1975 (1975-06-25)
Running time
117 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$750,000[1]
Box office$13 million[2][3] or $2.6 million[4]

Cooley High is a 1975 American independent[5] coming-of-age comedy-drama film that follows the narrative of two high school seniors and best friends, Leroy "Preach" Jackson (Glynn Turman) and Richard "Cochise" Morris (Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs). Written by Eric Monte and directed by Michael Schultz, the film, primarily shot in Chicago, was a major hit at the box office, grossing over $13 million (USD). The light-hearted-turned-tragic storyline was complemented by a soundtrack featuring many Motown hits.[6]

In a 40th-year retrospective by NPR in 2015, Cooley High was called a "classic of black cinema" and "a touchstone for filmmakers like John Singleton and Spike Lee."[7] In 2021, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[8][9]

Plot

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In 1964 Chicago, Leroy “Preach” Jackson and his best friend, Richard “Cochise” Morris, are in the final weeks of their senior year at Cooley Vocational High School in the Near North Side. They both sneak out of class one Friday and spend the rest of the day at Lincoln Park Zoo with two of their friends, Pooter and Willie. After catching the L train back to school, the gang goes to Martha’s, a local soul food hangout, where Preach meets and falls in love with fellow classmate Brenda while shooting craps with neighborhood hoodlums Stone and Robert. Cochise and Preach make a dollar bet on whether Preach can get Brenda into bed, after which Preach gets kicked out by a cleaver-wielding Martha for gambling.

When Cochise gets home from Martha’s, he gets a letter in the mail from Grambling State University informing him that he has received a basketball scholarship from their athletic department. That night, Cochise, Preach, Pooter, Willie, and another friend, Tyrone, attend a quarter party hosted by Tyrone’s girlfriend, Dorothy, at her apartment. Brenda is also in attendance, but she rejects Preach when he tries to woo her and retreats to Dorothy’s mother’s bedroom. The two of them end up bonding over a mutual interest in love poetry during a slow dance. Meanwhile, Cochise gets into a fistfight with hotheaded classmate Damon after he catches him kissing his girlfriend, Loretta, and the fight accidentally trashes Dorothy’s apartment and ultimately ends the party.

After Dorothy’s party, the boys go to Martha’s, at which point Stone and Robert pull up in a Cadillac Coupe de Ville and convince Preach and Cochise to get in with them. Unbeknownst to Preach and Cochise, the Cadillac is a stolen one, and Stone lets Preach drive after he brags about being such a good driver. However, due to Preach’s bad driving, the four end up speeding through downtown Chicago and get into a high-speed chase with police at a Navy Pier warehouse after Preach runs a red light. They manage to evade the police, but not after Preach accidentally rear ends a parked car with the occupants still inside, causing the four to flee in opposite directions before the police arrive.

On Saturday, Preach and Cochise go to the movies with their friends to see Mothra vs. Godzilla, during which a huge fight erupts after Pooter accidentally steps on a man’s foot while trying to get to his seat. On Sunday, Preach and Brenda make love after spending a romantic day together, but the afterglow of their encounter is spoiled after Brenda discovers Preach’s dollar bet with Cochise and she leaves Preach's house in anger. On Monday, Preach and Cochise are scheduled to take an important history midterm, but they are arrested right before the midterm for their joyride in the Cadillac that Stone and Robert stole. While being questioned, Mr. Mason, the boys’ history teacher, persuades one of the detectives, a close friend, to let them go because of their clean records. Stone and Robert, however, remain in jail due to them being repeat offenders. After Preach and Cochise are released, Stone and Robert wrongly assume that they snitched on them.

A few days later, Preach discovers that Mr. Mason got him and Cochise out of jail, and he sets off to find Cochise to tell him the news. While looking for Cochise, Preach runs into Cochise's cousin, Jimmy Lee, who takes him to his apartment. Once there, Preach finds Cochise with his ex-girlfriend, Sandra, who Preach cheated on with Brenda. Preach becomes angry and retreats to Martha’s, where he sees Brenda there and apologizes for what happened between them. However, Damon is there, and Stone and Robert also show up shortly after being released from jail that morning. Still believing Preach and Cochise snitched on them, Stone and Robert chase Preach through Martha’s. Preach locks himself in Martha’s occupied bathroom while Martha intervenes and kicks Stone and Robert out with her meat cleaver. Preach tries to sneak out the side door, but is spotted by the pair who are waiting for him outside with Damon, and a chase ensues.

After evading the trio, Preach meets up with Brenda on the L train, where she informs him that Cochise went to Martha's looking for him. Preach immediately gets off the train to find him. Stone, Robert and Damon ultimately find Cochise under the L train tracks and beat him severely, with Damon throwing a punch that ends up slamming Cochise chin first into a metal beam, killing him. Upon realizing that Cochise is dead, Stone, Robert and Damon flee. Preach frantically searches for Cochise before it's too late and ultimately finds his lifeless body, his cries for help drowned out by an L train passing above.

At Cochise's funeral, Preach watches the burial from afar and goes to Cochise’s casket for a personal farewell after the mourners have departed. Toasting absent friends, Preach drinks from a wine bottle and recites a poem he wrote for Cochise. After promising Cochise that he and their friends will all be fine, Preach runs away from the cemetery feeling confident in his future.

The epilogue of the film reveals that Preach moved to Hollywood after graduation and became a successful screenwriter; Stone and Robert were killed in 1966 during a gas station holdup; Brenda became a librarian in Atlanta, got married, and had three children; Damon joined the Army and became a sergeant stationed in Europe; Pooter became a factory worker in Muncie, Indiana; and Tyrone was killed at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago during an outbreak of racial violence.

Cast

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Background

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Monte based the film on his experiences attending the real-life Cooley Vocational High School (which closed in 1979) that served students from the Cabrini–Green public housing project on Chicago's north side. While the film was set in and around Cabrini–Green, it was primarily filmed at another Chicago-area housing project. Monte has said that he wrote the film to dispel myths about growing up in the projects: "I grew up in the Cabrini–Green housing project and I had one of the best times of my life, the most fun you can have while inhaling and exhaling".[11]

Production

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The movie was filmed from October through November 1974 in Chicago, Illinois. Some scenes include other areas of Chicago such as Navy Pier and the Gold Coast area but primarily in and around the Cabrini-Green housing project on the near-north side. Interior school scenes were shot at Chicago's Providence St. Mel High School.

Influence

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Cooley High is seen as "changing the landscape" for black people in film, with its humane focus on the dreams of young inner-city black men, according to actor and film director Robert Townsend, who got his start in film with a one-line walk-on role in Cooley High.[12] Screenwriter and producer Larry Karaszewski holds that the film is also one of the great movies about real friendship, with outstanding performances by the male leads.[12] Boyz II Men named their debut album Cooleyhighharmony which featured a version of the song "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" from the Cooley High soundtrack.[1][2] The 1991 movie Boyz in the Hood was influenced by Cooley High.[13][14]

During the 40th anniversary of the film's release, nationally syndicated news station NPR published a story that discussed some of the fondest memories that the cast and crew shared of the film's production. Actor Sherman Smith, now using the professional name Rick Stone, who played the character of Stone in the film, recalled how he was approached by producers of the film while playing basketball one day. The crew members were looking for realistic gang members to be a part of the cast, so after being tipped off by police, producers offered Stone and his sidekick Norman Gibson, who played the character of Robert in the film, a role in the movie.[15]

During this interview, screenwriter Eric Monte revealed that Cochise's untimely death in the film was inspired by a childhood friend of his who had been killed in a similar manner. Just as Preach headed to Hollywood after the death of Cochise, Monte reveals that after his friend was murdered, he hitchhiked his way to the west coast where he began working for shows such as Good Times and The Jeffersons.[15] Unfortunately, not everyone from the film went on to live a life of success. Nearly two years after the film's release, Norman Gibson was gunned down outside of his neighborhood.[15]

Reception and legacy

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Cooley High was a critical and commercial success. Produced on a $750,000 budget,[1] the film grossed $13 million at the domestic box office,[2][3] making it one of the top 30 highest-grossing films of 1975.[16]

Jack Slater of The New York Times was positive, writing, "To be black and to watch 'Cooley High' is to see one's vanished innocence—and beauty." Slater acknowledged that the movie was being hailed as "a black American Graffiti" but he thought Cooley High had "far more vitality and variety" than that film.[17] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 and wrote that the opening 10 minutes "leave you with the impression that 'Cooley High' is going to be nothing more than a series of routine and unfunny gags. But then the film's magic begins to work, and 'Cooley High' turns into a beguiling story that's affecting, lasting, and worth seeing more than once."[18]

Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called it "a heartening comedy drama" with "a fine cast of young players" that were "well directed by Michael Schultz", adding that "you don't have to be black to enjoy it immensely."[19] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "a landmark movie, one of the year's most important and heartening pictures, that shows what the black film can be when creative talents are given an opportunity free of the strong sex and violence requirements of the exploitation formulae."[20]

Jacqueline Trescott of The Washington Post was not so impressed, calling the film's nostalgia "deja vu and hackneyed, antiseptic even." She found several comic scenes to be "[w]ell-executed ... But these passages still lack a distinctive look and enough fire to raise 'Cooley' above the mediocre mark."[21] Reviewing Cooley High for The Monthly Film Bulletin in 1977, Jonathan Rosenbaum said that "Michael Schultz's first feature can be viewed with hindsight as the promising debut of a very talented director, intermittently doing what he can with an uneven and somewhat routine script."[22]

The film holds an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 17 critics.[23] Filmmaker Spike Lee included the film on his essential film list entitled List of Films All Aspiring Filmmakers Must See.[24] The movie also ranked #23 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[25] Metacritic gave the film a score of 72 based in 8 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[26]

Television adaptation

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ABC planned a television adaptation of Cooley High, but the pilot was poorly received, and Fred Silverman, the head of the network, asked the pilot's producers, TOY Productions, to redo the show as a sitcom with new characters and with a new title so as not to confuse it with Monte's film Cooley High. New writers were hired, cast changes made, and a switch from one-camera to three-camera filming delivered What's Happening!! to the network, where it ran from August 5, 1976, to April 28, 1979. The show and the production company were then purchased by Columbia Pictures Television in 1979 and ran in syndication for a number of years.[27]

Home media release and possible remake

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In 2000, Cooley High was released on DVD.[28] The Criterion Collection released the film on Blu-ray on December 13, 2022.[29]

On July 19, 2016, it was reported that MGM was developing a remake of 1975 film Cooley High, with DeVon Franklin, Common and Tony Krantz. Seth Rosenfeld would write the screenplay.[30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Aljean Harmetz (Aug 4, 1974). "The dime-store way to make movies-and money". The New York Times. p. 202.
  2. ^ a b Box Office Information for Cooley High. Worldwide Box Office. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Mankiewicz, Ben. Comments on TCM broadcast 17 October 2013
  4. ^ Donahue, Suzanne Mary (1987). American film distribution : the changing marketplace. UMI Research Press. p. 300. ISBN 9780835717762. Please note figures are for rentals in US and Canada
  5. ^ Chicago-based Cooley High turns 40|Time Out Chicago
  6. ^ "Cooley High – Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  7. ^ John, Dereck. "40 Years Later, The Cast Of 'Cooley High' Looks Back". NPR. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  8. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (December 14, 2021). "National Film Registry Adds Return Of The Jedi, Fellowship Of The Ring, Strangers On A Train, Sounder, WALL-E & More". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  9. ^ 'Return of the Jedi,' 'Selena' and 'Sounder' added to National Film Registry|88.5 WFDD
  10. ^ JET Magazine - One Spark Of Joy In Cooley High Character's Life Snuffed By Bullets – October 21, 1976
  11. ^ Mitchell, John (2006-04-14). "Plotting His Next Big Break". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  12. ^ a b King, Susan (2019-07-06). "How 'Cooley High' changed the landscape for black films in 1975". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  13. ^ Kashner, Sam. "How Boyz n the Hood Beat the Odds to Get Made—and Why It Matters Today". HWD. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  14. ^ "Catching Up With: The Cast of 'Cooley High' – JetMag.com". JetMag.com. 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  15. ^ a b c "40 Years Later, The Cast Of 'Cooley High' Looks Back". NPR.org. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
  16. ^ "Top Grossing Films of 1975". Listal.com.
  17. ^ Slater, Jack (August 10, 1975). "'Cooley High' More Than Just a Black 'Graffiti'". The New York Times. D13.
  18. ^ Siskel, Gene (June 27, 1975). "Anger, comedy, love in 'Cooley High'". Chicago Tribune. Section 3, p. 3.
  19. ^ Murphy, Arthur D. (June 25, 1975). "Film Reviews: Cooley High". Variety. 23.
  20. ^ Thomas, Kevin (July 13, 1975). "'Cooley High's' Universal Appeal". Los Angeles Times. Calendar, p. 36.
  21. ^ Trescott, Jacqueline (July 16, 1975). "'Cooley': Growing Up Black in the '60s". The Washington Post. D1, D2.
  22. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (February 1977). "Cooley High". The Monthly Film Bulletin. 44 (517): 21.
  23. ^ "Cooley High". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  24. ^ List of Films All Aspiring Filmmakers Must See. Indiewire. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  25. ^ "The 50 Best High School Movies". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
  26. ^ "Cooley High Reviews". Metacritic.
  27. ^ "New TOY". Broadcasting: 39. 1979-02-19.
  28. ^ Hartl, John (13 January 2000). "Video stores get the jump on Black History Month" (Newspapers.com). St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis MO. p. 65.
  29. ^ "Criterion Collection".
  30. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (July 19, 2016). "'Cooley High' Remake For MGM, DeVon Franklin, Common & Tony Krantz". Deadline. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
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